 MESSENGER false color image of Mercury | ||||||||||
| Designations | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjective | Mercurian, Mercurial[1] | |||||||||
| Epoch J2000 | ||||||||||
| Aphelion | 69,816,900 km 0.466 697 AU | |||||||||
| Perihelion | 46,001,200 km 0.307 499 AU | |||||||||
| Semi-major axis | 57,909,100 km 0.387 098 AU | |||||||||
| Eccentricity | 0.205 630[3] | |||||||||
| Orbital period | 87.969 1 d (0.240 846 a) | |||||||||
| Synodic period | 115.88 d[3] | |||||||||
| Average orbital speed | 47.87 km/s[3] | |||||||||
| Mean anomaly | 174.796° | |||||||||
| Inclination | 7.005° 3.38° to Sun’s equator | |||||||||
| Longitude of ascending node | 48.331° | |||||||||
| Argument of perihelion | 29.124° | |||||||||
| Satellites | None | |||||||||
| Physical characteristics | ||||||||||
| Mean radius | 2,439.7 ± 1.0 km[4][5] 0.3829 Earths | |||||||||
| Flattening | < id="cite_ref-Seidelmann2007_4-1" class="reference">[5] | |||||||||
| Surface area | 7.48×107 km² 0.108 Earths[4] | |||||||||
| Volume | 6.083×1010 km³ 0.054 Earths[4] | |||||||||
| Mass | 3.3022×1023 kg 0.055 Earths[4] | |||||||||
| Mean density | 5.427 g/cm³[4] | |||||||||
| Equatorial surface gravity | 3.7 m/s² 0.38 g[4] | |||||||||
| Escape velocity | 4.25 km/s[4] | |||||||||
| Sidereal rotation period | 58.646 day 1407.5 h[4] | |||||||||
| Equatorial rotation velocity | 10.892 km/h (3.026 m/s) | |||||||||
| Axial tilt | 2.11′ ± 0.1′[6] | |||||||||
| North pole right ascension | 18 h 44 min 2 s 281.01°[3] | |||||||||
| North pole declination | 61.45°[3] | |||||||||
| Albedo | 0.119 (bond) 0.106 (geom.)[3] | |||||||||
| Surface temp. 0°N, 0°W 85°N, 0°W |
| |||||||||
| Apparent magnitude | up to −1.9[3] | |||||||||
| Angular diameter | 4.5" – 13"[3] | |||||||||
| Atmosphere | ||||||||||
| Surface pressure | trace | |||||||||
| Composition | 42% Molecular oxygen 29.0% sodium 22.0% hydrogen 6.0% helium 0.5% potassium Trace amounts of argon, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, xenon, krypton, & neon | |||||||||
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